Fear The Way I See Fear - 945 Words

Batuhan Kir Ms. Evans Honors English II December 14, 2015 What is Fear? The way I see fear is that many people try to run away from it instead of challenging it. Fear makes people run away from ideas, actions, or even goals. Everyone experiences fear whether they are elementary students, college students, or parents. People could fear having to speak in a crowd of others or fear a single human being. Since fear can’t fully be defined by a simple sentence, I have decided to define this short but complex word by studying its origins, discussing what fear is not, and giving examples and indications about fear. Furthermore, I will show how the word fear is represented in Night and The Sunflower. (Origin and Causes) The word fear†¦show more content†¦In traumatic events people tend to freeze up or try hiding. It causes to have a rapid heart rate, increases our blood pressure, and increases sweating. We develop fear as an outcome of learning. Due to this we have many events in history that demonstrate why we people fear. Can you forget the Africans who were forced to come to the Americas? Didn’t they fear the people who were treating them like they had no value? How about the Jews? The Jewish people feared getting captured and killed for their beliefs by the Nazis. In the book Night, we can see that the Jews clearly feared death and did anything in their power to survive. Elie even had thoughts to take his father’s rations at point so he could live longer although his father was the main reason why he was trying to survive. In the book Night the narrator states â€Å"I thought deep down, not daring to admit it to myself. Too late to save your old father †¦ You could have two rations of bread, two rations of soup.† (Wiesel 111). This shows that Elie feared death so much that he forgot what kept him alive in the first place. (Examples and Incidents) Additionally, in today’s society we can see people fear religion. There are some people in the U.S that are Islamophobic which means they fear a whole religion. The people who fear the whole religion itself are ignorant. They believe that what ISIS is doing is what the religion asks for, when what they are doing is completely

Virgils Aeneid as Roman Propaganda Essay - 2064 Words

Virgils Aeneid as Roman Propaganda Rome was experiencing a great deal of internal turmoil during the period when Virgil wrote the Aeneid. There was somewhat of an identity crisis in Rome as it had no definitive leader, or history. With the ascension of Augustus to the throne, Rome was unified again. Still, it had no great book. The Greeks had their Odyssey, giving them a sense of history and of continuity through time. A commonly held view is that the Aeneid attempts to provide the Romans with this sense of continuity or roots. There is a great deal of textual evidence to support this interpretation. Virgil makes numerous references to the greatness of Rome through ancient prophecies. Clearly, the entire poem is an account of†¦show more content†¦These two methods allow Virgil to connect his Rome very closely to the story of Aeneas, and give the Aeneid a great deal of historical credibility in the eyes of his contemporaries. It was very critical to Virgil that a believable sense of history be achieved in his writing. At the beginning of Book VI, the story of Daedalus and his son Icarus is introduced when the Trojans see it carved into the temple doors (lines 21-50). There is a second time in the text that such a reference to the past is made in a similar fashion. This occurs in Book I when Aeneas observes the carvings on the walls of Juno’s temple at Carthage (lines 619-762). In these two incidents, the same technique of recalling history is employed. Virgil seems to imply that the best way that he can describe history is to tell it with the help of the gods, which in this case that would be the Muse that he has called upon in Book I to assist him (line 13). At the time, the knowledge of the Muses was considered to be the objective truth while the knowledge of the mortals was considered to be secondhand and imperfect. The distinction between the two is made with the story of Daedalus. Virgil gives an elaborate account of what he knows of the event, and then omits the ending which he does not know: Twice your father tried to shape your fall in gold, but twice his hands dropped. (Book VI, lines 49-50) By wording the story so that Daedalus does not describe his own son’sShow MoreRelatedThe Aeneid By Virgil Aeneid1689 Words   |  7 PagesVirgil’s Aeneid was written in a time of political and social transition in Rome, which influenced the epic poem in a political way. Aeneid was written only a couple years after the civil war where a lot of people had started to lose faith in the greatness of Rome. Virgil’s intensely political poem concentrates on the theme of Rome’s greatness and particularly with the reign of the new emperor Augustus Caesar as the re-founder of glorious Rome. Throughout the poem Virgil used prophecies to makeRead MoreCritical Review Of Ovid s Aeneid And Aeneid1382 Words   |  6 PagesCritical Review of Ovid’s and Virgilà ¢â‚¬â„¢s Aeneid The tale of the Aeneid tells the story of Aeneas and how he founds the Roman people. The most well known version of this story is Virgil’s Aeneid. The traditional interpretation of Virgil’s depiction of the hero and the myth is that it was used as propaganda for the new imperial system that the emperor Augustus had introduced. In contrast with this is the Harvard School interpretation, which states that Virgil’s Aeneid is actually undermining the ImperialRead MoreReview Of The Bacchae, The Aeneid, And Book 15 Of Metamorphoses Essay1518 Words   |  7 PagesThe political sphere encountered in the daily routines of ancient Greeks and Romans gave influence to the multitude of literary works produced in these societies. The works of Euripides, Virgil, and Ovid gave a vehicle for these writers to infuse commentary about the politics of the day. Politics is how groups of people organize making decisions that affect the individuals contained within said groups. The Ba cchae, the Aeneid, and Book 15 of Metamorphoses all contain commentary concerning politics withinRead More Promoting Morality in the Aeneid and Metamorphoses Essay1621 Words   |  7 PagesPromoting Morality in the Aeneid and Metamorphoses    Just as the authors of the Bible use an evocative, almost mythological vehicle to convey covenants and laws that set the moral tone for Hebrew and Christian societies, Latin poets Virgil and Ovid employ a similarly supernatural method to foster their own societal and moral goals in Roman society. Where Virgils Aeneid depicts Aeneas as the ideal, duty-bound Roman patriarch absent from the conflicted Rome of Virgils youth, Ovids MetamorphosesRead MoreThe Aeneid Essay1069 Words   |  5 Pagesimperial propaganda, and the Aeneas of Virgil epitomizes the same virtues and qualities important to Rome and his patron, Augustus. On his deathbed in 19 B.C., Virgil asked that his unfinished Aeneid be destroyed, but Augustus would not let this happen. The Aeneid was later completed by two of Virgil’s friends, that fixed the minor grammatical errors and published the poem. This decision affected the track of literary history and the development of western culture. In fact, the Bible and th e Aeneid wereRead MoreThe Aeneid A Kind Of Propaganda, Cicero s Second Philippic1351 Words   |  6 Pages Relying on hostile evidence to recreate Marcus Antonius’ life from his youth until the Battle of Actium entrains several issues. This essay will discuss Virgil’s Latin epic ‘The Aeneid’, a kind of propaganda, Cicero’s ‘Second Philippic’ a piece written with personal and political intentions in mind, and Plutarch’s Rome in Crisis regarding Antony. One must treat these sources with caution, not least because of the inherent bias present in their writing. It is necessary to take into account the contextRead MoreWhos Hell is this Anyway? Essay1072 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Inferno of his journey through hell. Virgil, an ancient roman poet of the Augustan period, wrote the Aeneid that tells the legendary story of Aeneas. Within both of these poems there was a visit to the underworld, creating a skewed picture of the underworld. THESIS After becoming lost in his ways of life, Dante introduces his first character, Virgil. By introducing Virgil, Dante is foreshadowing for the thought process of the Aeneid in relation to the Inferno. In Canto I Virgil becomes Dante’sRead MoreOctavian, Anthony and Cleopatra: Propaganda and the ‘Myth of Actium1095 Words   |  5 PagesWorkshop 1 Octavian, Anthony and Cleopatra: Propaganda and the ‘Myth of Actium The creation and subsequent sustaining of the ‘Myth of Actium is one of the greatest examples of the use of mass propaganda in the ancient world. While scholars such as Murray question the impact that the re-instigation of games at Nikopolis and the extension of the temple of Apollo at Actium would have on the political situation in Rome, its emergence, however, seems to have occurred around 20 BC, a time at whichRead MoreArt and Literature in Augustan Rome1252 Words   |  6 PagesMuch art and literature was dedicated to the support of Augustus, which helped to bring together his empire. The Aeneid is an example of such propaganda in favor of Augustus, which people often find parallels between Aeneas and Augustus. In order for Augustus to maintain his newly gained power he uses such art and literature to influence his people. This form of media, which propaganda was a key part, plays an important role in his plan to maintain power. Augustus, known first to history as GaiusRead More Augustan Poetry Essay830 Words   |  4 PagesPropertius, and Ovid created epic masterpieces of literature and philosophy. It was through the collective efforts of these great poets and writers as well as Augustus himself, that the rise of a new facet of Roman literature was possible. Seeing the opportunity to foster a great rebirth of Roman culture (specifically literature), Augustus and his closest advisor Maecenas created a situation advantageous for the great writers of the time to write (for the government) and profit from their skills. Augustus

Trade Unions and Socialist Politics

Question: Discuss about the Trade Unions and Socialist Politics. Answer: Introduction Top Trucking Company is a transportation company that was acquired by a new company three years ago. The company had a yard in Wollongong that was underperforming under the supervision of the previous owners and became the highest performing yard once the company was acquired by the new firm. A new manager was appointed at the workplace and the previous manager was declared retired as soon as the new owners took charge of the company. Another person who played an important role in bringing about the transformation was the union delegate of the company George Psaros. Let us now discuss the changes introduced by the new manager and the owners that helped the yard in becoming so successful. New Workplace Changes The previous scenario at the Wollongong yard of the Top Trucking Company was not good. The vehicles of the company had become older than they should have been and the manager was not discharging his duties responsibly. He used to demonstrate his autocrat nature by directing the staff every time and was also rude to them on his bad days. The staff of the company was not bring properly looked after and the absence of proper human resource management resulted in lower productivity and increase in workplace conflicts and stoppages. The scenario of the yard started changing once the new owners took charge of the operations. As soon as the new owners took charge of the company, the previous manager was asked to retire and a new manager was recruited to look after the operations of the company. The new owners invested a large amount of resources in improving the conditions of the vehicles and started working towards improving the condition of the human resources in the company. The new mana ger also played an important role in improving the conditions of the whole yard. He introduced a new computer system in the organisation and new uniforms for the employees. The new management also introduced training and development programs for the employees as they wanted them to become more technically qualified and increase their occupational health and safety. The changes made were in perfect harmony to each other and the implementation of the changes made it easier for the yard to achieve the success that it is enjoying today. Let us now discuss some reasons that made the change program so successful and made the changes complementary to each other: Communicating - one of the most important factors that helped the changes to become successful in the workplace was the communication between the management and the employees. From the case study, we can easily identify that the communication between the labour and the manager was very effective. The manager never hesitated in talking to the labour union delegate and always consulted him when something important came up in the organisation. The manager also made sure that he shared the success of the organisation and that of the labour with everyone. The way in which he used to openly communicate with the employees and the labour delegate allowed the labour to put their trust in him and as a result, the change management program became more successful (The Thriving Small Business, 2014). Change agents - from the literature, we also study that during a change management process, it is important that there are some change agents in the organisation who can help in facilitating the change across the workplace. In this case, the manager and the union delegate acted as change agents and efficiently promoted the change across the organisation. They demonstrated their leadership qualities and ultimately implemented the changes to make the workplace more effective (Official Blog - Australian Institute of Business, 2015). Cooperation between the union and the management - it has been found that the union and the management of a company are never satisfied working with each other. They are always standing on crossroads, facing each other, as they have conflicts in their interests. The labour unions want their own prosperity and increase in standard of livings whereas the management wants the company to grow, reduce the operational costs and maximise the wealth of the shareholders. In the case of Top Trucking Company, we find that the relation between the labour union and the management started to improve after the entry of the new manager in the workplace. The union delegate as well as the labour found the new manager to be quite efficient in managing the operations, human resources and any problems that were experienced in the workplace. As a result, the relation between the two entities became stronger and it became easy for them to implement the changes in the organisation (The Thriving Small Busine ss, 2014). Changing the entire system - Another major reason that made the changes complementary was that the changes introduced in the organisation were directed towards the betterment of the entire system. The management planned all the changes by keeping all the parts of the system in its mind, such as the workforce, machinery, vehicles, infrastructure, etc. It improved the work condition and the technical skills of the employees by rejuvenating the entire fleet of vehicles and by introducing training and development programs. To bring about an improvement in the infrastructure of the organisation, the management also introduced a new computer system in the organisation. The results of all the changes were that the employees became motivated and more job satisfied that lead to an increase in the overall performance of the workplace. If we study the literature available in change management, we will find that the experts of the subject have suggested the importance of a change being planned f or the entire system (Go2hr.ca, 2016). If an organisation fails to consider the entire system while planning and implementing changes, the change management program will fail drastically. Thus, the ability of the management to plan and implement the change management program for the entire organisation also helped in making the changes complementary to each other (Official Blog - Australian Institute of Business, 2015). Problems in Sustaining the Changes Change management is a necessary evil for business organisations of the present day world. Organisations are facing such a fierce competition today that they have to change their way of working and operations in real time. The business environment has become so complex that there are changes in the internal and external environment of business almost every day, such as changes in economies, technological changes, social preferences, environmental changes, etc. which forces business organisations to make changes in order to sustain (Greener and Hughes, 2006). Top Trucking Company has demonstrated its ability to plan and implement changes very well but it is also important for the company that it sustains the changes that it has been able to introduce in the organisation in the longer run. There are a number of risks that the organisation faces in sustaining the changes implemented. The risks to sustain the changes are discussed below: Change in leadership - if we search for failure of change management programs in the literature, we will find that a change in the leadership of the organisation can actually cause the failure of a change program. Each and every leader of an organisation has his own way of getting things done from others and preferences. Whenever there is a change in the leader of an organisation, there are a great number of changes introduced immediately and it becomes very difficult for the organisation to sustain the changes that had been previously introduced in the organisation. In the case of Top Trucking Company, the two leaders i.e. the new manager and the union delegate are efficiently managing the workplace and if the company replaces any one of them, it would become very difficult for the management to sustain the changes. In case a new manager is appointed, he might treat the employees differently and also might lose the trust that the labour had developed in the management of the company (Gallup, 2016). On the other hand, if the union delegate is replaced, a new union delegate might now lead the labour properly and might raise unnecessary conflicts in the organisation. In any of the cases, the productivity and efficiency of the workplace will drop and the management would not be able to sustain the changes that have been introduced in the workplace (Albo and Kelly, 1991). Blue-Collar Unions Amongst all the stakeholders in a business, the most important stakeholders are the employees who put in their best efforts to run the operations of a company and to contribute towards the achievement of organisational goals and objectives. In case of workplace changes, employees are the first people to get affected by the change. As a result, willingly or unwillingly, sooner or later, all employees have to become a part of the change management program as the changes will affect them in some way or the other. Blue-collar unions are groups of those workers that do manual labour in business organisations and public or service unions are those workers who offer services to the customers using technology or machinery (Parietti, 2015). Blue-collar unions have always been dominating when it came to the matters of the workplace. If we consider the literature from the past, we will find that workplace issues in organisation that are dependent upon blue collar unions have always been greater than the ones which have been service providers. The prime reason behind this statement is that blue collar unions face tougher work conditions as compared to service providers (Scott, 2016). They have to perform manual labour and even a small change in the workplace can have an impact on their personal and professional life. For example, an introduction of new machinery in the workplace would be a thing of joy for the unions that provide services to the customer but for the blue collar unions, it would mean a lot of lay-offs as the machine would take over the work of hundreds of employees. Thus, workplace changes can have an impact on the wages, jobs, shifts, bonus, incentives, etc. of blue labour unions whereas workplace changes for service or public sector unions are not that harmful. Therefore, it is obvious that the blue labour unions will always play a dominating role when it comes to workplace changes as compared to public or service sector unions. Conclusion Top Trucking Companys Wollongong warehouse has come far away from its earlier work conditions and is now and efficient, effective and high performing workplace. It has been awarded as the highest performing workplace in the entire region and people from all over the region have been visiting the workplace for getting tips about how to increase performance. The success that the company has achieved was only made possible because of the changes that were introduced in the workplace by the new management and the new owners. The company has also been able to establish a great coordination between the management and the labour union, which is turning out to be another key factor behind the success of the workplace. Therefore, the company should try its level best to sustain the changes that the workplace has experienced so that the workplace can continue to grow like it has been since the past three years. References 7 Key Factors for Successful Change Management | AIB Official Blog. (2015). Official Blog - Australian Institute of Business. Retrieved 26 August 2016, from https://aib.edu.au/blog/7-key-factors-successful-change-management/ 8 Steps to Implementing Successful Organizational Change The Thriving Small Business. (2014). The Thriving Small Business. Retrieved 26 August 2016, from https://thethrivingsmallbusiness.com/8-steps-to-implementing-successful-organizational-change/ Albo, G. Kelly, J. (1991). Trade Unions and Socialist Politics. Labour / Le Travail, 27, 337. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25130284 Gallup, I. (2016). Unions and Management: A Blissful Marriage?. Gallup.com. Retrieved 26 August 2016, from https://www.gallup.com/businessjournal/21727/unions-management-blissful-marriage.aspx Managing in a Unionized Workplace: Getting Things Done in a Constructive Way. (2016). Mindtools.com. Retrieved 26 August 2016, from https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/managing-unionized.htm Parietti, M. (2015). Blue Collar Vs. White Collar: Different Social Classes? | Investopedia. Investopedia. Retrieved 26 August 2016, from https://www.investopedia.com/articles/wealth-management/120215/blue-collar-vs-white-collar-different-social-classes.asp Scott, S. (2016). Smallbusiness.chron.com. Retrieved 26 August 2016, from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/bluecollar-worker-whitecollar-worker-11074.html Torrington, D., Hall, L., Torrington, D. (1998). Human resource management. London: Prentice Hall Europe. Understanding the Differences: Leadership vs. Management - HR Information for BC Tourism Employers - go2HR. (2016). Go2hr.ca. Retrieved 26 August 2016, from https://www.go2hr.ca/articles/understanding-differences-leadership-vs-management.

Shintoism in China and its Relationship with Buddhism Essay

Buddhism and Shinto are religions which are largely practiced in the South East Asia and other countries such as India, Sri Lanka, Japan, China, South and North Korea among other countries within and outside the region. The origin of these two religions dates back to about 2,500 years (Ellwood and Pilgrim 4). The Buddhist religion and its practices such as meditation way of the religion have continued to spread across many parts of the world.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Shintoism in China and its Relationship with Buddhism Essay specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Shinto practices have existed for several centuries and are common among the Buddhists. Shinto is a term used to describe a set of indigenous spirituality practices of the Japanese. The earliest records of the Shinto practices were made in the 8th century. These records are found in The Record of Ancient Things, 712 (Kojiki) as well as The Chronicles o f Japan, 720 (Nihon Shoki). The practices are conducted to connect the Japanese people to their ancient past. Today, the term is generally used to refer to public shrines which are used for harvest festivals and war memorials among other religious practices. The word Shinto which means way of the gods (Sokyo 2) is derived from Chinese words shà ©n dà ¡o. These two words are combined so that they produce â€Å"shin† and â€Å"tÃ… Ã¢â‚¬ . â€Å"Shin† means kami; which refers to innate supernatural force which includes deities, spirits, as well as, essences which occur in many forms and may exist in human-like or animistic form or in abstract natural forces (Ellwood and Pilgrim 7; and Sokyo 2). Kami can sometimes be associated with lightning, mountains, trees, wind among other natural forces. â€Å"tÃ… Ã¢â‚¬  in Chinese means a philosophical path or could also mean a philosophical study (Sokyo 2). Thus, Shinto generally means ways, beliefs and practices adopted by the Japanese people to worship kami. The origin of Shinto was influenced by the Japanese contacts with the Chinese religions. For example, the term itself is of Chinese origin. Besides, the codification of its mythology was done in such a way that it responds to the Chinese influence. Most mythology applied in Shinto practices were acquired from Chinese doctrines. As a result, both religions have had an influence on each other. Most people who practice Shinto rituals especially in Japan also profess Buddhism. In both faiths, one does not have to identify with a particular faith to be a believer. This means that many people who practice Shinto rituals are also Buddhists and vise versa. This includes the Chinese people who live in Japan and even those who live in China. Because of this, it is difficult to distinguish between Buddhist and Shinto beliefs regarding the world as both have greatly influenced Japanese religious culture.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theolo gy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More While Shinto beliefs emphasize what happens while one is still alive, which is finding happiness in life, Buddhism puts emphasis on life after death (Herbert 17). Thus, although the two religions have varied perspectives on the world, they have continued to co-exist. Accordingly, it is not unusual to find people who engage in Shinto practices in life being accorded Buddhist funeral. Japanese have had an affiliation with both Shinto and Buddhism religions. Shinto religion has its origin in China and Chinese religions; however, the two religions have been blended together in practice even though have distinct differences. As such, those who identify with the two religions have continued to engage in practices of the Buddhist and Shinto faiths either knowingly or unknowingly. Works Cited Ellwood, Robert and Pilgrim, Richard. Japanese Religion, 1st edition. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc., 1985. Print. Herbert, Jean. Shinto: At the fountainhead of Japan. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1967. Print. Sokyo, Ono. Shinto: The Kami Way, 1st edition. Rutland, VT: Charles E Tuttle Co., 1962. Print. This essay on Shintoism in China and its Relationship with Buddhism was written and submitted by user Gabriel Dalton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Nathan Bradshaw Essays - , Term Papers, Research Papers

Nathan Bradshaw First Year Experience Journal 4 The core values are lived out and practiced because it will help you to maintain a honest personality. Excellence, this is lived out when you do well in school and also in the future. Maintaining a healthy job to reach a standard of living. Getting good grades which leads you to a great job. Community, being one with your community will help you to maintain healthy relationships within school and also later on in life. This promotes a good social stature of living. Being social with everyone to have connections in the future and getting involved in activities such as sports. Respect, respect yourself and most importantly, other because this will help you to construct yourself into a better person and being able to utilize this in the future. Respect is earned throughout also when it is given. Personal development, this is building and bettering yourself throughout the years and this is beneficial because it will turn you into someone you would like to be. Finding yourself while you a re at school and build from there. Responsible stewardship, this is very helpful because it helps you to be able to be more responsible which will benefit you throughout your life. It is a natural practice that will prepare you for the real world. Getting a job on campus and taking on that responsibility is a good start. Integrity, having strong moral principles will help you further yourself in life and make you feel more free about yourself. If you are unable to do a quiz, be honest rather than trying to find a way to cheat through it which will not benefit you down the line.

The treatment of male comradeship in Henry V and The Rover Essay Example

The treatment of male comradeship in Henry V and The Rover Essay Example The treatment of male comradeship in Henry V and The Rover Essay The treatment of male comradeship in Henry V and The Rover Essay Essay Topic: Literature Comradeship is a familiarity or sociability (typically between men) with a person who shares ones interests and activities including political persuasion. In this assignment I shall examine the treatment of male comradeship in relation to William Shakespeares Henry V and The Rover written by Aphra Behn, with comparative analysis of the two texts. Henry V was written during the Renaissance period against a backdrop of the military campaign against the Irish. Through his portrayal of Henry as a victorious King, Shakespeare not only appealed to the audiences national patriotism but appeased the existing monarch Elizabeth I. This epic historical play provides an ironic insight into the price of being King through a contrast of Henrys misspent youth: riots, banquets and sports (Penguin p63) and his new world as court politician, military leader and upholder of Christian values. The opening scene provides the plays first example of comradeship. It begins mid-conversation between the Archbishop of Canterbury and Bishop of Ely. Shakespeare uses this device to stimulate the audiences interest, as they become party to a private conversation. His use of religious leaders would have created an initial sense of trust in the action and messages conveyed. However, as the scene unfolds, their shared conspiracy, encouraging Henry to war with France in order to shift focus from a law expropriating church property would have been considered shocking. Act II.1 to II.3 presents a fascinating juxtaposition of comradeship. In II.1 we are reintroduced to Prince Hals unlettered, rude and shallow (Penguin p63) friends. Unsurprisingly the scene opens with Pistol and Nym exchanging strong insults and drawing swords. There is no regard for friendship. Only after Bandolph intercedes does Pistol relent And friendship shall combine, and brotherhood (Penguin p80). However, even this truce lacks sincerity as Pistols underlying motive is to have his friends accompany him to France. News of Falstaffs ill health is also reported in which Nym cites the King as the cause and Pistol comments that Henry has broken Falstaffs heart. Here Shakespeare reminds reader and audience that comradeship can be superficial both amongst common men and indeed royalty. The following scene depicts the comradeship of Scroop, Cambridge and Grey, in their shared treachery toward the King. Shakespeare heightens their falsehood through using language displaying excessive loyalty. Scroops speech no service shall with steeled sinews toil (Penguin p82) and its alliteration of the letter s, which would have signified feelings of mistrust to the audience. Henry then delivers a long rhetorical and emotional speech. His anguish at Scroops betrayal, the friend who knewst the very bottom of my soul (Penguin p84), coupled with the length, use of language and symbolism clearly signifies the importance Henry places on loyalty, friendship and Christian morality, which he finds lacking in the traitors. Act II.3 reports the news of Falstaffs death. The genuine feelings of grief shared by Pistol, Nym and Bandolph are soon replaced by a mutual plan to go to France, not to fight for Henry and England but like horse-leeches (Penguin p89), to pillage the dead. In this sense the comradeship that exists represents to the audience, an honour amongst thieves. Shakespeare deliberately clusters the scenes of Henry distancing himself from his boyhood friendships and his treatment of the conspirators to build an image of Henry the King, strong, ruthless but just. Even as a King-in-waiting, Henry knew that a time would come when he would cast-off his companions in order to show himself worthy of the crown (Henry IV: Part 1, I.2). Later in the play (Act III.7) we see the final vestige of his past alliances in his decision to hang Bandolph for theft. All previous bonds of friendship are now severed in place of unfeeling authority. Act III.1 recounts Henrys military attack on Harfluer. His rallying cry Once more unto the breach dear friends, once more (Penguin p96) is synonymous to a trumpet call. The reference to dear friends signifies to the audience that Henry considers himself, his nobles and troops to be comrades-in-arms. Moreover this powerful and dramatic speech incorporates imagery and metaphor action of the tiger (Penguin p96), under a premise of honour and victory, before finally culminating in the climatic words Cry, God for Harry, England, and Saint George!,(Penguin p96). In speaking directly to his men they believe he is taking a personal interest in them. He appeals to their nationalism and in turn expects their support. In Act IV.I Henry dons a disguise and roams amongst his troops at night in order (similar to Germanicus, Penguin p13) to test their morale. His argument with Court, Bates and Williams is telling as despite of his speech at Harfluer Henrys soldiers question the Kings fears and honour. Here again Shakespeare creates a sense of comradeship through the Kings use of prose, the language of the troops and the common man in trying to answer their questions. At Agincourt (Act IV.3), Henry turns Westmorlands despair to his advantage, stirring his men into battle with the infamous and passionate rhetorical alliterative speech of power, honour, courage and fellowship We few, we happy few, we band of brothers (Penguin p134). Shakespeares specific image of the King as one with his men again evokes the same effect as Harfluer in lifting the troops morale, they believe honour awaits them. The audience would undoubtedly appreciate Henrys emotional patriotic speech which is still revered today. Aphra Behns The Rover, written during the Restoration period depicts a post-puritan backlash apparent through its rudeness and crudity. Moreover, The Rover, is more focussed on a carnival celebration of wine, women and frivolity than Shakespeares celebration of national patriotism, war and military victory. Assessment however of male comradeship within this play will take into consideration examples which both exist and are absent in Henry V. Act I.2 takes place in Naples and introduces Colonel Belvile and Fredrick (soldiers of fortune), their friend Ned Blunt and Willmore (The Rover). Willmore initially seeks to create through his bravado a sense of camaraderie between the men, Love and mirth are my business in Naples (Apl p270). The subsequent street performance reiterates this masculine environment and point of view, with the women dressed as courtesans offering their bodies for sale. Act I.2 introduces the concept of money and status against comradeship. Belvile and Fredricks apparent friendship with Blunt masks a political resentment and contempt of him not being a cavalier and his upbringing. The cavaliers having lost their estates, money and status, are now using Blunt to support them. Behind his back Belvile says hes our banker (Apl p274). Indeed money is reiterated once more as the four men discuss about a prized courtesan, Angelica. Although they have different opinions of prostitution in moral terms, ultimately they share a common desire and a generic masculine identity in their fascination with sexuality, price and a woman as a commodity. Following Willmores conquest of Angelica in Act III.1, the men stereotypically converge to discuss his exploits over a drink. Within Act III.6 we see the duplicity of male comradeship. Wilmore having attempted to rape Belviles love Florinda, uses alcohol and mistaken-identity as an excuse for his behaviour, Fredrick begs forgiveness on behalf of Willmore, which is reminiscent of Pistols defence of Bandolph. Initially Belvile losing his patience says Draw or Ill kill you (Apl p295), however later in the scene he rushes to Willmores defence saying Pray heaven the rogue is safe (Apl p296). This might indicate to the reader that honour amongst men supersedes Belviles loyalty to Florinda. Unfortunately, his honour is misplaced, Willmore escapes and Belvile is arrested. This contrast between the two male protagonists: one honest and upright whilst the other an extravagant rake (Apl p161), interestingly mirrors the change we witness in Henrys progression from Prince to King. Act IV.1 opens with Belviles soliloquy regarding recent events and his imminent death at the hands of Antonio. This speech echoes in part Henrys soliloquy on the eve of Agincourt in its angst and introspection. Belviles language alters as his captor Antonio enters the scene, as he recognises the man-seems of quality (Apl p297). This dual identity of Belviles public and private faces is again reminiscent of Henry V. In the subsequent discussion there appears to be a mutual respect and appreciation of a gentlemans code of honour. This representation of comradeship is superficial as Antonio only releases Belvile from his custody on the understanding that he will represent him at a duel. This scene shows that although masculine codes of honour are an external sign of social conduct they are open to corruption and misrepresentation. Indeed in Act IV.2 we witness Hellena donning a male disguise in order to gain respect and manipulate Angelica into releasing Willmore. Similarly Henry V also disguises himself in order to walk and talk freely amongst his troops. Following the foiled rape attempt in Act III.6, Florinda later escapes a similar fate at the hands of Blunt and Fredrick in Act IV.5. In this following scene however the men (now including Willmore, Belvile and Pedro) believing the woman locked in the adjoining room to be a prostitute (Florinda), decide to draw lots (swords). The male characters are thus involved in a contest of masculine power (symbolised through the sword as phallus) in which rape of the woman is the prize. This perceived show of male unity and propensity for violence presented by Behn is shocking and is similarly mirrored by Henry V who takes Katherine the King of Frances daughter as a trophy/spoil of war. In conclusion both Henry V and The Rover present varying degrees of male comradeship. What is apparent in both plays is the contrast between the public and private appearance of male characters who adjust their behaviour and alliances to suit their own needs, sometimes with shocking outcomes. Aphra Behns play demonstrates that honour, friendship and decency can be disregarded within a single moment without remorse, in times of peace. Whilst in contrast within Henry V these codes are for all intensive purposes upheld in the interest of the common good.

Does Canada's Official Policy of Multiculturalism Strengthen or Weaken Research Paper

Does Canada's Official Policy of Multiculturalism Strengthen or Weaken the Country's National Identity - Research Paper Example This application is usually done at the organizational level, for example, nations, states, cities, towns, neighborhoods, businesses, schools, and hospitals among others. Another author, Bumsted (p 12), defines multiculturalism as a school of thought embodied in political philosophy that addresses the best way to respond to religious and cultural diversity. Examples of Multiculturalism Good examples of multicultural societies include Canada, Argentina, Australia, Netherlands, and Continental Europe among others (Garcea, p. 51). In these countries, multiculturalism is treated seriously, with policies being put in place to ensure that there is the development of lasting and useful relationships within cultural, religious and ethnic groups (Kelley and Trebilcock, p. 49). New comers and other groups that may be seen to be marginalized such as immigrants are treated with respect and reached out to so as to ensure that they feel part of these countries or regions (Jedwab, p 33). These coun tries recognize the existence of multiple cultures, ethnicities, and religious groups, which are all treated equally (Banting and Soroka, p 156). Definition of National Identity National identity is defined as the identity of a person that gives him/her a sense of belonging to a particular nation or state (Kelley and Trebilcock, p. 101). ... These common elements or common points include national consciousness, national language, national symbols, national colors, blood ties, and a nation’s history among others (Jedwab, p 40). Importance of National Identity National identity is important because it gives an individual a sense of belonging to a particular country or nation. National identity is known to strengthen the cohesion of citizens of a particular nation (Tierney, p 90). National identity brings about unity and cooperation among individuals of the same nation because they unite with fellow countrymen to achieve common national goals such as fighting common threats and protecting members of a nation (Smith, p 14). National identity is known to promote patriotism and a love for one’s nation (Day, p 12). Multiculturalism and National Identity of Canada a. Historical Perspective In Canada, multiculturalism exclusively refers to the concerns and attention given to cultural diversity. These concerns addres s issues related to linguistic diversity, religious diversity, racism, cultural identity, and immigrant integration (Day, p 48). The history of multiculturalism and national identity in Canada dates back to 1867 when Canada was officially recognized as a country. Since then, issues of cultural diversity have been part of policies in the country (Jedwab, p 23). The initial concerns that brought about the need for multiculturalism and national identity in Canada were inspired by the need to foster good relationship between the original people of that country and the state, assimilate immigrants, and bring together the ‘two founding nations’ of Canada, namely, the French and British