Three Different Elements of a Crime

In the United States, there are specific elements of a crime that the prosecution must prove beyond a reasonable doubt in order to obtain a conviction. The  three specific elements (with exception) that define a crime which the prosecution must prove beyond a reasonable doubt in order to obtain a conviction: (1) that a crime has actually occurred  (actus reus), (2) that the accused intended the crime to happen (mens rea)  and (3) and concurrence of the two meaning there is a timely relationship between the first two factors. Example of the Three Elements in Context Jeff is upset with his ex-girlfriend, Mary, for ending their relationship. He goes to look for her and spots her having dinner with another man named Bill. He decides to get even with Mary by setting her apartment on fire. Jeff goes to Marys apartment and lets himself in, using a key that Mary has asked for him to give back on several occasions. He then places several newspapers on the kitchen floor and sets them on fire. Just as he is leaving, Mary and Bill enter the apartment. Jeff runs off and Mary and Bill are able to quickly put out the fire. The fire did not cause any real damage, however Jeff is arrested and charged with attempted arson. The prosecution must prove that a crime occurred, that Jeff intended for the crime to occur, and concurrence for attempted arson. Understanding Actus Reus Criminal act, or actus reus, is generally defined as a criminal act that was the result of voluntary bodily movement. A criminal act can also occur when a defendant fails to act (also known as omission). A criminal act must occur because people cannot be legally punished because of their thoughts or intentions. Also, referencing the Eighth Amendment Ban on Cruel and Unusual Punishment, crimes cannot be defined by status.   Examples of involuntary acts, as described by the Model Penal Code, include: A reflex or convulsion;A bodily movement during unconsciousness or sleep;Conduct during hypnosis or resulting from hypnotic suggestion;A bodily movement that otherwise is not a product of the effort or determination of the actor, either conscious or habitual.   Example of an Involuntary Act Jules Lowe of Manchester, England, was arrested and charged with the murder of his 83-year-old father Edward Lowe was brutally beaten and found dead in his driveway. During the trial, Lowe admitted to killing his father, but because he suffered from sleepwalking (also known as automatism), he did not remember committing the act.   Lowe, who shared a house with his father, had a history of sleepwalking, had never been known to show any violence towards his father and had an excellent relationship with his father. Defense lawyers also had Lowe tested by sleep experts who provided testimony at his trial that, based on the tests, Lowe suffered from sleepwalking. The defense concluded that the murder of his father was a result of insane automatism, and that he could no be held legally responsible for the murder. The jury agreed and Lowe was sent to a psychiatric hospital where he was treated for 10 months and then released. Example of a Voluntary Act Resulting in a Non-Voluntary Act Melinda decided to celebrate after receiving a promotion at work. She went to her friends house where she spent several hours drinking wine and smoking synthetic marijuana. When it is time to go home, Melinda, despite protests from friends, decided she was okay to drive herself home. During the drive home she passed out at the wheel. While passed out, her car collided with an oncoming car, resulting in the death of the driver.   Melinda voluntarily drank, smoked the synthetic marijuana, and then decided to drive her car. The collision that resulted in the death of the other driver occurred when Melinda was passed out, but she was passed out due to decisions she voluntarily made before passing out and would therefore be found culpable for the death of the person driving the car she collided with while passed out. Omission Omission is another form of actus reus and is the act of failing to take action that would have prevented injury to another person. Criminal negligence is also a form of actus reus.   An omission could be failing to warn others that they could be in danger because of something that you did, failure to a person left in your care, or not failure to complete your work properly which resulted in an accident.   (Source: U.S.Courts - District of Idaho)

After Apple Picking and Road Not Taken Comparative Essay

Even in the earlier days of Robert Frost’s long arduous active life, he looked upon the journey of life in a more seiner way. Where most of the younger crowd may prefer a â€Å"happy go lucky† approach to life, Frost invested his every adapting yet inspiring mind into mysteries and the choices we come across in life, the issues of mortality and morals, and one’s view of death are explored in such a way, one may find it difficult but to be inspired by his work. â€Å"After Apple Picking† and â€Å"The road Not Taken† at first appear to be worryingly similar to each other. Not only they were crafted by the same poet at approximately the same time, but the actual content dig into similar ground as in the two of them, they mostly drenched into the past†¦show more content†¦This sequence of messages to the reader that the narrator is understandably moderately tired after another day at apple picking, but there is evidence that the narrator was tired at the beginning of the poem. He also attempted to â€Å"Rub the strangeness from my eyes† but to no prevail. It is clear that the end is near. Although the narrator’s body is telling him that it is time to move on from life, he actually may not be entirely satisfied with what he’s done. The lines, â€Å"a barrel that I didn’t fill† and â€Å"Apples that I didn’t pick,† suggest that he wishes that he could do more, but he is toy tired for that. However, near the beginning, the narrator smugly suggests that, â€Å"There may be two or three† apples that he purposely left that could have filled the bucket with. Did he choose to stop and quit, that is a possibility. However, there is another sense of incompleteness as the â€Å"Great harvest† he had once desired never came to be. Although he would leave much behind him, from the poem overall, it is clear that this old man is looking forward in welcoming death. Although â€Å"The Road Not Taken† is also told from the view of an old man full of regrets, at the end of his life he is not. At the core, this poem is rather simple, the narrator stands in a forrest with two paths that lay in front of him, each are as worn as the other, and both have an equal number of undisturbed leaves. He knowsShow MoreRelatedConfucianism in Journey to the West31834 Words   |  128 PagesMoreover, this thesis adds to the general pool of comparative textual-visual research. It illustrates the different methods of message conveyance that are used within different types of media, which is useful for any type of comparative multimedia study. After an introductory section, this thesis will have a theoretical section, a section containing relevant background information, and a methodology section. Next, it will present a thorough comparative discourse[7] analysis. 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Respondents Among The Available Population †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Respondents Among The Available Population? Answer: Introducation A research plan is written below, which includes the research`s objective, the sample size for the research and the ways which are going to be approached for the research to collect the data. The main objective of the research is- to assess the importance of the mobile advisory services. As through the research, it will be easy to identify whether the staff is encountering any issue while practicing such service. Secondary objectives of the research are- Assessing the problems which are used to be come across in operating as mobile advisors by the staff. To get suggestions from the staff, in context to make improvement in the mobile advisory services. To evaluate the advantage of the advisory services for the staff. Appropriateness of qualitative approach for addressing the research objectives The objective of research deals with the assessment of the importance of the mobile advisory services along with the required change in this service. The information which will be required to come across these objectives will be gathered from the company`s staff. Through qualitative research, an inquiry from the respondent samples can be done and the collected information from such respondents can be analyzed to reach a conclusion. Expressive information can be captured through the qualitative research which cannot be collected through quantitative data. For this reason, a qualitative approach is appropriate to address the objectives of the research. Population The population for the research, from which the sample or the respondents will be selected is the Accounting Firm. As the staff of the accounting firm is using the mobile advisory services at present. Sample size The sample size for the research will be 100 staff member if the accounting firm. As this sample size will be appropriate for collecting the data. Sampling technique The samples of the respondents will be collected through random sampling technique. This sampling technique will allow choosing the respondents among the available population for an extensive range of purposes. In addition to this, the selection of each member of the staff has equal chance to be selected as respondent. One of the other reasons for approaching this sampling technique is that it removes biases in the selection procedure. Data collection In order to collect the data for the research, primary data collection method will be used. As the research requires fresh data to be analyzed, so as to accomplish the objectives. The objectives of the research are more descriptive as to accomplish the objective; it is required to collect the data through the staff in the description rather than in form of figures or numbers. Hence the data for the research will be collected in the descriptive form. To collect the data survey technique will be used. In the survey, a different question which will be related to the objectives of the research will be asked to the respondents. Examples of questions Here some questions are given below, which will be asked in the survey to the respondents. These questions are framed in such a manner, as the answers to the questions could be related to meet the research objectives. Question a. Do you think, mobile advisory services are easy to be practiced? If no, then what challenges are used to be faced by you? Link to the research objective- The selected staff members as the sample will answer this question. Through their answer, it can be assessed that they are facing any challenge while exercising mobile advisory services to deal with the clients or not. The challenges which are used to be faced by the staff while using mobile advisory services may possibly be assessed and the objective could be met. Question b. Do you think mobile advisory services are important to be practiced? Link with research objective- With the answer to the above question, staff`s view about using mobile advisory services could be assessed. As what are the views of staff about the importance of the mobile advisory services. Question c. Do you want any improvement in the mobile advisory services? If yes, then give your suggestions. Link with the objective of research- Through the above question, requirement of making changes in the mobile advisory services could be identified. In addition to this, suggestions regarding the requisite changes can also be taken from the staff members. Hence, one of the objectives of the research i.e. related to assessing the required changes in the services could be met. Analysis of data collection The data will be collected in qualitative form, hence the analysis of the data will be done by following steps of qualitative data analysis technique which are given below- All the data will be written down or recorded in a proper Consideration will be done for not making any mistake in the recording of the data so that any biases shall not occur through the data mistakenly recorded. After recording the data, it will be organized in an appropriate manner. Through organizing the data in the correct form, it becomes easy to understand the data and to derivate sensible information( Sundari Habbe, 2016). Giving codes to the main set of field records drawn from the survey Writing down comments or personal reflections in the margin Categorize and sort through data, in order to identify similar themes, phrases, patterns, separate variances between subgroups and relationship between variables. Classifying these differences, commonalities, processes as well as patterns and take them out from field in the ensuing tendency of data collection Being going into detail, a precise overview which covers the o consistencies distinguished in the database. This overview will be studied through an official body of familiarity with the subject, in the form of theories or constructs. Limitations The findings of this research will have limited scope in context to apply the research outcomes to other non-accounting organizations which are considering to offer mobile advisory services. As the non-accounting organizations may face more challenge in dealing with the clients or customers through mobiles(Rokhman, 2017). One of the other limitations for the non-accounting organization to provide mobile advisory service is that they may fail to make the information of their clients secure. For any organization, information is regarded as a vital aspect. It is crucial to protect the sensitive information of the organization as well as its clients so that any harm or risk may not arise due to disclosure of such sensitive information. The staff of the organization may use the sensitive information for their own purpose. Hence, the scope of the findings of this research is limited to the non-accounting organizations. Difference between Sequential explanatory and Sequential exploratory design Mixed method research is a process of performing the research is on the analyzing research, quantitative and qualitative research and collecting research. In this mixedmethod, research is done to know the better about the research problem obtained when the research is conduct. Sequential Exploratory design The exploratory design process is the process in which it includes the group of and examines of quantitative data is used in the form of examining the qualitative data(Rokhman, 2017). In this opportunity of responsibility is given to the quantitative data to finds out it also includes the understanding the phase of the study. Sequential exploratory design is appropriate- To assess components of an emergent theory ensuing as of the qualitative research. To develop on qualitative outcomes and to explore a phenomenon. To simplify qualitative outcomes to dissimilar samples with the purpose of determining the dissemination of an occurrence within a selected population. To improve and experiment a new instrument Sequential Explanatory design The exploratory design process is the process in which it involved the qualitative data is examined by the quantitative data to examine the study of this phase(Ndiwalana, 2009). In this it is the responsibility is given to the qualitative data to finds out it also includes the understanding the phase of the study. Sequential explanatory design is appropriate- To help in explaining contextualizing or interpreting quantitative findings. To look at, in additional aspect unpredicted results from the quantitative study. Some of the research articles which have deliberated the link between the motivation of employee to achieve budget as well as the participation of the employee in setting the budget. These studies are carried out in nations which have high individuality and low power distance. The Effects of National Culture on Changes in Management Accounting Systems(Chanegrih, 2015). A Study of Motivation: How to Get Your Employees Moving(Burton, 2012). Improving Managerial Performance through Participation Role of Budget Preparation: a Theoretical and Empirical Overview(Rokhman, 2017). Budgeting Participation, Goal Commitment and Employee Performance(Ndiwalana, 2009). Article findings The article's findings are summarized below: The Effects of National Culture on Changes in Management Accounting Systems- This article was written through (Chanegrih, 2015), in which study was done over French manufacturing companies. The collected data were compared in the study by data collected in Singapore and Malaysia. In Singapore, there is high power distance and low individualism, which states that low individualism, does not motivate employees to participate in budgetary preparation. Kelli Burton did a study in the year 2012, i.e. A Study of Motivation: How to Get Your Employees Moving- In this study, the effect of motivation on employees in relation to budgeting participation was being done. According to the study, employees when motivated in a positive manner then, their performance also enhances(Burton, 2012). In addition to this when they participate in budgeting operation then also they get motivated to perform better to achieve the objectives. Rokhman did a study on Improving Managerial Performance through Participation Role of Budget Preparation. This study states that managerial performance could be improved by participating role in the budget. As the employees feel that they are valued when they are asked to participate in budget preparations(Rokhman, 2017). Ndiwalana did a study in the year 2009, in regards to- Budgeting Participation, Goal Commitment, and Employee Performance. This study states that there is a link between employee participation in setting a budget and motivating employees to achieve budget(Ndiwalana, 2009). As the study suggests that the employee`s performance could be enhanced through motivation and making them participate in budgetary preparation could motivate them. An argument Besides the above findings, it can be perceived that the link between the participation of the employee in budget setting and motivation of employee in achieving budget has low extent. As there could be some factors which may influence the participation of the employees in setting the budget. As while setting the budget employees may feel that the budget is so high and cannot be easily achieved. This low esteem of employees may motivate them in a negative manner and their performance could be affected by it. As a result, this may also affect the factor of achieving the budget. Significance of the culture Hofstede`s theory in regards to cultural dimensions institutes a basis that turns around cross-cultural communication. According to Hofstede, the dimensions of culture mutually represent the culture`s impact inbuilt in society on the values of that particular society`s members. In context to the business aspects, cultural dimensions form a significant facet(Catanach, 2009). It upgrades the manager`s knowledge in running the business magnificently through the international business market; as business`s different features are viewed as different cultures. The cultural dimensions of power distance and individuality are discussed below- Power distance- It stances dissimilarity which is defined from below and not forms It can be regarded as a range to which societies and organizations agree to power differentials. The societies or organizations with power distance are characterized through such aspects- a lot of supervisory staff, autocracy in leadership, as well as a number of hierarchy level, centralized authority, and acceptance of privileges which comes with power, paternalistic management and expectation of inequality and power differences(Anastasia, 2015). On the other hand, the organizations which possess small power distance have following characteristics- consciousness of rights, Supervisory staff small in proportion, organization`s flat structure, decentralized authority, consultative or participative management style, lack of acceptance and questioning the authority. Individuality- This dimension defines the range to which individual is motivated toward remaining in the group. The individualistic cultures are categorized through- the idea which individuals hold unique beliefs, stress on horizontal relationships instead of vertical relationships, acceptance of confrontation as an attribute, emphasis on pleasure, fun and enjoyment over social norms and duties, value independence and self-sufficiency besides placement of self-interest above collective interest(Anastasia, 2015). Culture and participation in budgeting Researcher Lau and Eggleton argued that the dimensions of the culture i.e. individualism and power distance can influence the participation in budgeting. As for an instance, in Australia the high individualism rejects budgetary participations; on the other hand, its low power distance emboldens budgetary participation at a high level(Zhang Yang, 2009). However, the reverse of this aspect occurs in Singapore for the reason that its great power distance rejects budgetary participation but its low individualism encourages budgetary participation at great extent. Factors which influence participation in budgeting Some factors other than cultural factors also influence participation in budgeting which is discussed below- Lack of trust and coordination- the lack of trust and coordination among the subordinates and the other employees also affect the attribute of employees in budgetary participation(Amiruddin, 27). As in the case, the high budget has to be prepared and there is lack of mutual trust among the subordinates then it may influence the budgetary participation. Preparation of high budget- One of the other factors which may negatively influence in regards to participation in budgeting is related to preparation of the high As when the upper-level management is preparing a budget for the high-level amount then they may not include the participation of lower level employees in budget preparations(Catanach, 2009). Introduction of essay Budget is an estimation which is used to be prepared by the company for maintaining its revenues and expenditure for particular time period. The progress of the every sector of the company can be estimated by the budget function(Zhang Yang, 2009). The budget can be divided into two parts firstly the bottom-up, in this bottom-up budget can be prepared with the help of stakeholders and the secondly is top down In which budget is used to be prepared by the party involved in preparing the budget. In an organization preparing the budget is compulsory in order to know the reality of the organization in the business market. References Sundari, Habbe, H. A. (2016). The Relation among Budgetary Participation and Budgetary Slack with Organizational Commitment and Leadership Style as Moderating Variable. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 28-36. Thibodeau, J., Freier, D. (2013). Auditing and Accounting Cases: Investigating Issues of Fraud and Professional Ethics. Wiley. Amiruddin, R. (27, 5 2014). IMPACT OF ORGANISATIONAL FACTORS ON BUDGETARY SLACK. Retrieved from www.kuis.edu.my: https://www.kuis.edu.my/comm2014/eproceedings/C003%20THE%20IMPACT%20OF%20ORGANIZATIONAL%20FACTORS%20OB%20BUDGETARY%20SLACK.pdf Anastasia. (2015, 9 4). Understanding Cultures People with Hofstede Dimensions. Retrieved from www.cleverism.com: https://www.cleverism.com/understanding-cultures-people-hofstede-dimensions/ Burton, K. (2012, 5 8). A Study of Motivation: How to Get Your Employees Moving. Retrieved from www.spea.indiana.edu: https://spea.indiana.edu/doc/undergraduate/ugrd_thesis2012_mgmt_burton.pdf Catanach, A. (2009). Advances in Accounting Education: Teaching and Curriculum Innovations. Emerald Group Publishing. Chanegrih, T. (2015, 3 1). The Effects of National Culture on Changes in Management Accounting Systems. Retrieved from www.journals.sagepub.com: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/2319510X14565012 Clarke, E. (2012). Accounting: An Introduction to Principles + Practice. Cengage Learning. Dagwell, R., Lambert, C., Wines, G. (2012). Corporate Accounting in Australia. Pearson. Freeman, S., Freeman, J. (2015). Financial Accounting: A Practical Approach. Pearson Higher Education AU. Greite, S. (2013). The Development of the Australian Accounting Standards After the End of the G4+1. Grin Verlag. Kimmel, P. D., Weygandt , J. J. (2013). Accounting Principles. Mills, A., Woodford, W. (2015). Company Accounting. Cengage Learning. Ndiwalana, K. J. (2009, 5 3). Budgeting Participation, Goal Commitment and Employee. Retrieved from www.mak.ac.ug: https://www.mak.ac.ug/documents/Makfiles/theses/Ndiwalana_John_Kizito.pdf POVILAITIS, S. (2014, September 9). ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA. Retrieved from https://www.leaReferencesdingagile.com/2014/09/acceptance-criteria/ Rahman, A. R. (2016). The Australian Accounting Standards Review Board. Routledge. Rokhman, M. N. (2017). Improving Managerial Performance through Participation Role of Budget Preparation: a Theoretical and Empirical Overview. IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance, 39-43. Retrieved from https://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jef/papers/Vol8-Issue1/Version-1/F0801013943.pdf Shaw, K., Wild , J. (2015). Fundamental Accounting Principles. Wiley. Surbhi S. (2015). Difference Between Accounting and Auditing. Retrieved 8 23, 2017, from https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-accounting-and-auditing.html Warren, C. S., Reeve, J. M. (2017). Accounting. South-Western College Pub. Wild , J., Shaw, K. (2012). Fundamental Accounting Principles. McGraw-Hill Education. Zhang , Y., Yang, K. (2009). CITIZEN PARTICIPATION IN THE BUDGET PROCES. J. OF PUBLIC BUDGETING, ACCOUNTING FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, 289-317 .

Viruses Complex Molecules or Simple Life Forms Essay Example For Students

Viruses: Complex Molecules or Simple Life Forms? Essay Viruses have been defined as entities whose genomes are elements ofnucleic acid that replicate inside living cells using the cellular syntheticmachinery, and cause the synthesis of specialised elements that can transfer thegenome to other cells. They are stationaryand are unable to grow. Because ofall these factors, it is debatable whether viruses are the most complex ofmolecules or the simplest life forms. While the definition of living organismsmust be adapted, the majority of evidence leads to the classification of virusesas living organisms. Viruses are composed of a nucleic acid core, a protein capsid, andoccasionally a membraneous envelope. The nucleic acid core is composed ofeither DNA or in the case of retroviruses, RNA, but never both. In retroviruses,the RNA gets transcribed to DNA bye the enzyme reverse transcriptase. Theprotein capsid is a protein layer that wraps around the virus. There are fourbasic shapes of viruses. The tobacco mosiac, adenovirus, influenza virus, andt-even bacteriophage are each examples of a different virus structure. Eachindividual protein subunit composing the capsid is a capsomere. We will write a custom essay on Viruses: Complex Molecules or Simple Life Forms? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The tobacco mosiac virus has a helical capsoid and is rod shaped. Theadenovirus is polyhedral and has a protein spike at each vertex. The influenzavirus is made of a flexible, helecal capsid. It has an outer membranousenevelope that is covered with glycoprotein spikes. The T-even bacteriophageconsists of a polyhedral head and a tail. The tail is used to inject DNA into abacterium while the head stores the DNA. Basic life is defined as the simplest form capable of displaying themost essential attributes of a living thing. This makes the only real criterionfor life the ability to replicate. Only systems containing nucleic acids arecapable of this phenomenon. With this reasoning, a better definition is theunit element of a continuous lineage with an individual evolutionary history. Because of viruses inability to survive when not in a host, they must haveevolved from other forms of life. The origin of viruses is an easy thing totheorize about so many hypothesese have been made. One such hypothesis is that viruses were once complete living parasites. Over time they have lost all other cellular components. This is backed up bythe idea that all cells degenerate over time. Some people think along very similar lines that viruses arerepresentatives of an early nearly living stage of life. This goes along withthe first hypothesis in that it accounts for a loss of components. Allcreatures that become parasitic can be seen losing their obsolete functions andstructures. An example of this is the flea. Fleas are eveolved from flies buthave discarded their unneeded wings. This theory when applied suggests that atleast some branches ofviruses have evolved from bacteria because of their similar natures. Scientists say that at one point viruses could have been independantorganisms. As they slowly became parasitic, the unsed structures for proteinand energy synthesis were lost, along with the inhibiting cell wall. Whileviruses do need a host cell to complete many important functions of livingorganisms, the should still be considered living themselves. The ability to replicate is important to the classification of anitem as living. Within the host, viruses are able to replicate, evolve, andeven mutate. They are deeply intertwined in the life process by thisdependancy on a host. Viruses are very specific to what they can use as a host. Despitethe specificness, many viruses can host withmembers of different species,genus, and even phylums. A lock and key fit determines the host, or hostrange. This works vert similar to that of an enzymes active site. .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd , .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd .postImageUrl , .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd , .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd:hover , .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd:visited , .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd:active { border:0!important; } .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd:active , .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tennyson as a Victorian EssayOnce the virus has found a host cell, the virus uses the hostsnucleotides and enzymes to replicate its DNA. Other materials and machineryof the host cell produce the viruss capsid proteins. The viral DNA andproteins then join to make a new copy of the virus. While viruses are inactive when in transport between hosts, thearguements are overwhelmingly in favor of considering viruses living organisms. Through their parasitic nature, they are able to fulfill most qualities ofliving organisms. Their behavior and complexness also lead to thisclassification. While they are not the text book example of living organisms,is has been in agreement that there always will be exceptions to the rules. Viruses deserve to take their rightful place among the ranks of living organisms. . Category: Science

4 Publications of the Harlem Renaissance

4 Publications of the Harlem Renaissance The Harlem Renaissance, also known as the New Negro Movement, was actually a cultural phenomenon that began in 1917 with the publication of Jean Toomers Cane. The artistic movement ended in  1937 with the publication of Zora Neale Hurstons novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God. For twenty years, Harlem Renaissance writers and artists explored themes such as assimilation, alienation, racism, and pride through the creation of novels, essays, plays, poetry, sculpture, paintings, and photography. These writers and artists would not have been able to launch their careers without having their work seen by the masses. Four notable publications- The Crisis, Opportunity, The Messenger and Marcus Garveys Negro World printed the work of many African-American artists and writers-helping the Harlem Renaissance become the artistic movement that made it possible for African-Americans to develop an authentic voice in American society. The Crisis Established in 1910 as the official magazine of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), The Crisis was the preeminent social and political magazine for African-Americans. With W. E. B. Du Bois as its editor, the publication stuck by its subtitle: A Record of the Darker Races by devoting its pages to events such as the Great Migration. By 1919, the magazine had an estimated monthly circulation of 100,000. That same year, Du Bois hired Jessie Redmon Fauset as literary editor of the publication. For the next eight years, Fauset devoted her efforts to promoting the work of African-American writers such as Countee Cullen, Langston Hughes, and Nella Larsen. Opportunity: A Journal of Negro Life As the official magazine of the National Urban League (NUL), the mission of the publication was to lay bare Negro life as it is. Launched in 1923, editor Charles Spurgeon Johnson began the publication by publishing research findings and essays. By 1925, Johnson was publishing literary works of young artists such as Zora Neale Hurston. That same year, Johnson organized a literary contestthe winners were Hurston, Hughes, and Cullen. In 1927, Johnson anthologized the best pieces of writing published in the magazine. The collection was entitled Ebony and Topaz: A Collectanea and featured the work of members of the Harlem Renaissance. The Messenger The politically radical publication was established by A. Philip Randolph and Chandler Owen in 1917. Originally, Owen and Randolph were hired to edit a publication entitled Hotel Messenger by African-American hotel workers. However, when the two editors wrote a blaring article that exposed union officials of corruption, the paper ceased printing. Owen and Randolph quickly rebounded and established the journal The Messenger. Its agenda was socialist and its pages included a combination of news events, political commentary, book reviews, profiles of important figures and other items of interest. In response to the Red Summer of 1919, Owen and Randolph reprinted the poem If We Must Die written by Claude McKay. Other writers such as Roy Wilkins, E. Franklin Frazier, and George Schuyler also published work in this publication. The monthly publication stopped printing in 1928.   The Negro World Published by the United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), The Negro World had a circulation of more than 200,000 readers. The weekly newspaper was published in English, Spanish, and French. The newspaper was dispersed throughout the United States, Africa, and the Caribbean. Its publisher and editor, Marcus Garvey, used the pages of the newspaper to preserve the term Negro for the race as against the desperate desire of other newspapermen to substitute the term colored for the race. Every week, Garvey provided readers with a front-page editorial concerning the plight of people in the African Diaspora. Garveys wife, Amy, served as an editor as well and managed the Our Women and What They Think page in the weekly news publication. In addition, The Negro World included poetry and essays that would interest people of African descent throughout the world. Following Garveys deportation in 1933, The Negro World  stopped printing.

Schumann and Stravinsky Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Schumann and Stravinsky - Research Paper Example In the 1830s he started writing piano miniatures which were extraordinary. Also it was during this time that he made his debut as a music critic and started his own journal, which became the focus of his efforts. In this journal he championed composers who had talent, and established a canon of Romantic music. It was also during these years that he composed his masterpieces; Carnaval, for piano and Dichterliebe. In 1840 he married Clara Wieck, a talented pianist inducing an element of stability in his life however this was also when his mental health started to deteriorate. His failure at opera, Genoveva, in 1843 caused him a great disappointment after which his mental state continued to deteriorate. After an attempt at suicide in 1854 he voluntarily entered an asylum. It was here that he passed away in 1856 (Worthen, 2007). In mid June 1882, Igor Fedorovich Stravinsky was born in a town near St. Petersburg in Russia. From a small age he was surrounded by music mostly because his fat her was a star singer of the Imperial Opera. When he was 9 he started piano lessons and studied music throughout his early life. In 1902 he, like Schumann, pursued a law degree however music was where his real interest was. Also just like Schumann, he started his musical career as a amateur pianist and was bilingual. Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov, his teacher started giving him regular lesson from 1905 till 1908. Although Stravinsky’s first composition was that of a Symphony, which he wrote in 1906, it was The Firebird, a ballet composed in 1910, which put him under the spotlight. This was followed by Petrushka, which like The Firebird was a modern composition of something which was fundamentally Russian. It was his third ballet, The Rite of Spring which established his name as one of the well known composers of the age. In 1920 he moved to France and formed a partnership with the company that manufactured pianos, Pleyel. During 1939 he delivered lectures in Harvard and was already working on his symphony in C. This was meant for the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. It was in this year that he moved to United States and married one again. He was on the set of the Paramount Pictures in 1956, where he recorded the musical score for the production â€Å"The Court Jester†. An incorporation of many of the modern classical styles of music was a major part of Stravinsky’s professiona l life. In 1959, he received the Sonning Award, which is one of Denmark’s highest honors. He returned to Leningrad to do a series of concerts in 1962. It was in 1971 that he died at the age of 88 and was buried in Venice. The piece I have chosen from Schumann’s compositions is Fantasy for Violin and Orchestra Op. 131 played by Arnold Katz. There are several key differences between this composition and Stravinsky’s ‘Rite of Spring’. These differences also go to reflect the major changes in music over the passage of time, more specifically from the Romantic era to the Neoclassical era. You see, Schumann’s composition comprises of the key characteristics being reflected in his work. These are those of highlighting the orchestra’s highly praised 2009 Beethoven cycle. A key characteristic of Schumann’s work is a reflection of the love of nature. You see the romantic era was all about the critical

The Effects of Cocaine Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Effects of Cocaine - Research Paper Example Statement of the Problem In order to effectively fight cocaine addiction among various members of the population, nongovernmental as well as governmental organizations have to comprehend the different reasons why people in different economic brackets choose to abuse the drug. In addition, they have to find ways of gaining the trust of drug users in order to influence their choices. Hypothesis Crack cocaine, which comes in the form of rock crystals, is considered to be the most addictive of all types of cocaine. It has become easily accessible to individuals in all socioeconomic brackets. Crack is a variety of cocaine that is currently more widely abused. Crack has more intense as well as swift effects than do the other varieties of cocaine which are injected or snorted. Crack is also cheaper to produce and thus has become accessible to people in all socioeconomic brackets. In most cases, people use crack to boost their abilities in a competitive world in which there is the constant r ace to be the best. While imbuing them with the strength to keep performing, cocaine also gives its users an abnormal feeling of pleasure. In the past three decades since it first emerged in the 80s, crack cocaine has left many destroyed communities in its wake all over the world. Research Questions 1. How does cocaine affect the physical body? 2. 2. How does cocaine affect a person psychologically? 3. What are the economic impacts of cocaine? 4. What are the medicinal uses of cocaine? 5. Who are the largest producers of cocaine? 6. What are the programs that can help a person addicted to cocaine? Crack is more pure and therefore considerably more addictive than cocaine which is mixed with impurities. Addicts who smoke crack experience a feeling of happiness in about 10 to 15 seconds while those addicted to cocaine who experience a rush 10 to 15 minutes after smoking. This feeling is then followed by a feeling of desperation when the drop into depressed feelings follows the â€Å"high.† This crash then compels the addict to seek for more cocaine so that he or she may experience the feeling of happiness once more. Consuming any amount of cocaine that is more than 100 milligrams can result in erratic, bizarre, or violent behavior. The addict will experience physical symptoms such as chest pain, blurred vision, fever, nausea, convulsions, muscle spasms, and finally death from brain or heart failure which causes the addict to stop breathing (Lennard-Browne 65). Crack cocaine addiction is an extremely difficult habit to stop and may actually require the hospitalization of th e addict who experiences adverse withdrawal symptoms upon stopping to use the drug. Psychological Effects Crack cocaine triggers major pleasure centers in the brain and brings about an extremely heightened feeling of ecstasy. People who wish to start using cocaine merely do so in order to stimulate themselves to be at their best so that they can work harder and longer. While the results of the pleasant and invincible feelings appear to give the addict an almost supernatural experience at first, repeated cocaine use soon dominates his or her life to the extent that he or she cannot function without it. Depression is the result of long term abuse of cocaine. The addicted person takes crack in order not to feel depressed. The drug reduces a person’s mental capacities to psychosis and auditory hallucinations. Crack cocaine brings about a severe mental